Something changed, and it is more specific than decline
If you are over 40 you have probably noticed it. You walk into a room and forget the errand. You read the same paragraph three times. You get to six in the evening having been busy since seven, and you cannot name one thing that actually moved.
And behind it there is a quieter question most people do not say out loud: is this it now? Is this just what my brain does from here?
The answer is more useful than either “you are fine” or “you are declining.” Two different things your brain does with a problem age in opposite directions.
The first is raw processing: speed, and the size of the mental scratchpad you hold things on while you work. That has been drifting down since your twenties, continuously, in everyone. It is the baseline, not a disease.
The second is crystallized ability. Vocabulary, pattern recognition, knowing which problems are worth solving and which will evaporate if left alone for a week. In the research that does not decline in midlife. It peaks somewhere between 45 and 54 and holds steady into the seventies.
Your judgment is at or near the best it will ever be. Your scratchpad is smaller than it was. You did not get worse. You got rebalanced.